Global Promotion Event of a Toothpaste Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Promotion Event of a Toothpaste - Essay Example nature of this product therefore calls for certain convincing power that must be attained during promotion in order to ensure that the consumers are feeling safe and satisfied with the product. There are specific issues that surround dental health that must be tackled as well to enhance consumer trust, such as tooth decay (plague), bleeding gums and tooth sensitivity. The promotion of the product would require relevant specific guests and since it is set on a global stage, the presence of health and business expertise from different countries is indispensible. There are other tools provided by modern technology that must be adopted to guarantee success in the promotion. The information about Mediplus is intended to reach all the corners of the world, its presence and effectiveness must be felt around the globe before effecting sales. At the beginning of the event, the product should be introduced. Promoting a toothpatse entails promoting its active ingredients (Saxena 2006). Mediplus is a toothpaste brand that is rapidly gaining positive reputation for its effectiveness and healthy attributes. It has not been in the market and is currently in the market that only covers a single nation. The current market has tested it and has approved of its worth. It is a product manufactured under high health standards to guarantee its consumers of healthy teeth and gums. A part from its medical attributes, it is also manufactured to give its consumers a very elegant smile. It contains micro granules that whiten the teeth. Everyone needs a lovely smile. And this is what Mediplus provides without a doubt. For this reason, a Mediplus consumer is easily acceptable and socially presentable in a large scope of life. However, regardless of all the successes that Mediplus has gained in the local scenario, the company intends to pass this beautiful experience to the rest of the world: continent to continent. The presence of Mediplus to be felt in North and South America, Europe,

Cultural Differences between United States and Italy Essay Example for Free

Cultural Differences between United States and Italy Essay All societies provide for certain broad areas of social living. Wissler (2000:99) identified these as universal patterns of culture, such as speech, material traits, art, mythology and scientific knowledge, religious practice, family and social systems, property, government, and war. Even within these broad areas of social living are a number of common elements. Moreover, cultures between countries differ because of the great variety of solutions people in different societies evolve in solving life problems. Amongst the important factors which give rise to cultural differences are the kind of environment within which the society lives, the human and natural resources available within this environment, the extent and intensity of exposure the society has to other people from which they can borrow ideas, and their cultural heritage. This paper intent to figure out the differences between the United States of America and Italy in terms of history, languages, Ethnical diversity, culture, superstitions and religions. II. Discussion A. United States of America The United States developed and grew from 13 English colonies on the Atlantic coast into an independent republic that eventually extended to the Pacific, with Alaska and Hawaii among its states. Although the original 13 colonies were British, several other nations took part in the discovery, exploration and settlement of the territory that became the United States. Both France and Spain once controlled more of North America than did Great Britain. Dutch and Swedish colonies existed temporarily on the Atlantic coast. Thus the beginnings of the United States, like its later development as a nation, involved contributions by people from many lands (see Graff, H. America: the Glorious Republic (2 volumes; Houghton Mifflin, 2001). North America was inhabited by Indians and Eskimos long before the first Europeans arrived. White men came into contact with the Indians from the very beginning, but the Eskimos were not greatly influenced by the white man’s civilization until the 20th century (see Link, A. S. , and others. American Epoch: a History of the United States since 1900, 9th edition (2 volumes: Knopf, 1999). There are various religions existing in the United States such as Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Unitarian Universalism and Hinduism while others claimed that they don’t have a religion. Amongst the religions mentioned, Christianity has the greatest number as surveyed in 2001. On the other hand, English is the de facto national language of the United States. Spanish language has also been taught as â€Å"non-English second language† (see Boorstin, D. J. and R. F. The Landmark History of the American People, revised edition (2 volumes; Random House, 1999). B. Italy Italy is a country in the southern Europe. Jutting southward from the Alps into the Mediterranean Sea, Italy consists mainly of a slender boot-shaped peninsula and the islands of Sicily and Sardinia. Ital is bordered by France, Switzerland, Austria, and Yugoslavia, and the Adriatic, Ionian, Tyrrhenian, and Ligurian seas. It completely encircles two tiny, independent states: San Marino, east of Florence, and Vatican City, in Rome. The name Italy was first used by the Greeks for the southern tip of the peninsula, where they established colonies as early as the eighth century B. C. Gradually, as the peninsula came under Roman rule, the name was applied to everything south of the Alps (see Coppa, F. J. , editor. Dictionary of Modern Italian History (Greenwood Press, 2000). Italy has contributed greatly to western civilization. For hundreds of years it was the center of the far-flung Roman Empire. It was in Italy that Christianity first flourished in Europe and became powerful force. Rome has long been the seat of the papacy and the world center of the Roman Catholic Church. The Renaissance, the period of enlightenment that ended medieval times, began in Italy and during this period Italians contributed greatly to the intellectual and artistic development of the Western world. Italy still preserves much of its noble past in its cities, museums, and ruins, attracting more foreign visitors than any other country in the world (see Guicciardini, Francesco. The History of Italy (Princeton University, 1999). The Italians, an Indo-European people, were settled in theItalian peninsula by 1000 B. C. In the eighth century B. C. the Etruscans (or Tyrrhenians), who came probably from Asia Minor, founded Etruria on the west. To the south was Latium, established by the Latins, an Italian tribe, with Rome as its strongest city. Farther south were Greek colonies (see Guicciardini, Francesco. The History of Italy (Princeton University, 1999). By the middle of the sixth century B. C. the Etruscans dominated central Italy, including Rome. Greeks and Romans cooperated in driving back the Etruscans. Raids by Gauls, who had crossed the Alps and settled in the Po Valley, helped weaken Etruria, and it rapidly declined (see Coppa, F. J. , editor. Dictionary of Modern Italian History (Greenwood Press, 2000). In the fourth century B. C. the Greeks made several attempts to conquer the Italians, but in the third century the Greek colonies fell to Rome. From that time until the collapse of the Roman Empire, the history of Italy coincides with the history of Rome (see Coppa, F. J. , editor. Dictionary of Modern Italian History (Greenwood Press, 2000). III. Conclusion United States and Italy has many differences in terms of culture and history. However, these two countries were able to experienced invasion from other countries that tried to colonize them. References: 1. Coppa, F. J. , editor. Dictionary of Modern Italian History (Greenwood Press, 2000). 2. Guicciardini, Francesco. The History of Italy (Princeton University, 1999. 3. Graff, H. America: the Glorious Republic (2 volumes; Houghton Mifflin, 2001. 4. Link, A. S. , and others. American Epoch: a History of the United States since 1900, 9th edition (2 volumes: Knopf, 1999. 5. Boorstin, D. J. and R. F. The Landmark History of the American People, revised edition (2 volumes; Random House, 1999.

A Hurricane Strikes - Original Writing Essay -- Papers

A Hurricane Strikes - Original Writing It was an ordinary Sunday morning. The rays of golden sunlight shone on the modest but lively village. The constant murmur of chatting filled the morning air. As children played and laughed, the men relaxed with their noses in their Sunday papers and the old ladies gathered to exchange the latest gossip. The huge trees looked protectively down on the village below and their leaves danced proudly in the breeze. In the distance, all the identical cottages had smoke rising from the chimneys. Outside one of these cottages, a tiny tanned sparrow skipped along the concrete path that led up to the welcoming front door. The cottage was set into the grassy bank and branches full with sycamore leaves stretched out from the woodland and occasionally tapped on the old-fashioned window panes. From a cloudless blue sky, the sunlight beamed down onto the cottage’s thatched roof, under which the swallows had happily secreted a nest for their squawking young. Surrounding the cottage was a crooked fence from which dirty-white paint was peeling. Above all the clattering and chattering of the children, the little old lady could be heard, as she shouted at the youngsters to get off the fence. The morning sun disappears as a monstrous, jet-black blanket of cloud suddenly appears; even the wicked and evil ravens hurry to escape the impending storm. The rain lashes down and the shrieking wind hurls itself against the helpless trees, constantly pounding them and quickly removing the remains of the once proud foliage. Everyone immediately senses disaster; suddenly panic-stricken. Screams, shouts and squeals brea... ...ls the boys off for sitting on her fence. The clouds begin to disperse and a frail beam of sunlight marks the boy’s way as he scrambles out of the hole and steps into the world to find an unimaginable sight of destruction. The blissful and cheerful world that he once knew was now just a heap of bricks, rubble and remains of people’s homes. His mind drifts to happier times, when the village was full of rowdy children and the air was filled with constant chit-chat; when there was an essence of life rather than destruction! The boy looks for the fence expecting to see his brother but, to his shock, the fence is amongst the pile of rubble, along with the rest of the town. There, on top of all the ruins he sees a once adored doll. Her sad and lonely marble eyes gazing straight up into the clear, blue sky. Waiting...

Marketing Excellence- Nike Essay

MARKETING EXCELLENCE- NIKE The case explains how Nike successfully marketed it products by getting it endorsed through top athletes, who influence the buying decision of brands and products of others and created its brand image by associating the products with their persona. By signing the Michael Jordan and relating it air Jordan shoes to his superior performance ,it generated great revenues in a year alone, and its â€Å"just do it† ad campaign manifested brand’s attitude of self-empowerment through sports. Nike customized its marketing strategy depending upon the market as it did at the time of expansion to Europe by focussing on soccer rather than the aggressive US style ads and sponsored local club, and fortunately the Brazilian team for world cup in 1994 which they won an authenticated Nike’s image into brand representing emotion allegiance and identification due to which over next decade overseas revenue for the first time passed US revenues. It diversified the product line by acquiring a British soccer related by acquiring British company manufacturing. Soccer related footwear apparel and equipment becomes sole supplier of uniforms to professional soccer teams. At the time of Beijing Olympics, although Adidas was official sponsor, received special permission for featuring Olympic athletes in its ads and sponsored several teams and athletes that resulted into 15% higher sales in Asian region. For expansion of its product line of tennis clothing and Nike’s gold brand it signed top tennis players and Tiger Woods relatively who changed the way professional golfers get dressed. Nike showed social responsibility by helping Lance Armstrong’s campaign and spread Armstrong message of survival and will power world -wide. The recent innovation by introducing technology in shoes by entering partnership with apple is Nike+ and marketed it by hosting largest and only global virtual race. With such an effective marketing strategies Nike today enjoys 31 % market share globally and 50% in US and is the top athletic apparel and footwear manufacture in the world. MARKETING MYOPIA The case argues about how marketing myopia resulted in decline and it is still affecting the growth industries. Basically Marketing myopia is  short-sightedness in vision of the firm for achieving higher revenues by concentrating on product upgradation and neglecting customer needs and ways to satisfy them with organizations offerings through the products and services. The industries assumed themselves to be riding some automatic growth escalator and descend themselves into stagnation. The four conditions that make industries to have such assumptions are : 1) The belief that growth is assured by expanding and more affluent population. 2) The belief that there is no competitive substitute for the industry’s major products. 3) Too much faith in mass production and in the advantage of rapidly declining unit costs as output rises. 4) Preoccupation with a product that lends itself to carefully controlled scientific experimentation, improvement and manufacturing cost reduction. The railroads are in trouble for they assumed themselves to be in railroads business rather than in transportation business that stopped growth. They don’t lack opportunity but some of managerial imaginativeness and audacity that made car trucks or airplanes have. Aluminium industry has still continued to be growth industries due to efforts made for creating new customer satisfying uses. By Kaiser Aluminium and Chemical Corporation and Reynolds metals company. The Dry Cleaning, electrical utilities, grocery store led to their destruction by not responding to customer’s demands. Even the petroleum industry is very much persuaded that there is no competitive substitute for their major product gasoline. None of them are enthusiastically researching fuel cells, batteries, solar power plants which are getting increasing attention and are neglecting continuous customer needs. These industries try to discover more convincing advertising themes, more effective sales promotional drives, what the market shares of the various companies are, what people like or dislike about service station dealers and oil companies and so forth. Nobody seems as interested in probing deeply into the basic human needs that the industry might be trying to satisfy as in probing into the basic properties of the raw material that the companies work with in trying to deliver customer satisfactions.

Miller v. Alabama (2012) Supreme Court Case Essay

Introduction The Supreme Court reviewed the constitutionality of mandatory life sentences without parole enforced upon persons aged fourteen and younger found guilty of homicide. The court declared unconstitutional a compulsory sentence of life without parole for children. The states have been barred from routinely imposing sentences based on the crime committed. There is a requirement for individual consideration of the child life circumstance or the defendant status as a child. The court rejected the definite ban on life sentences without parole. This is because in some cases the instances may be uncommon, but jurors can find irreparably corrupted children. The Supreme Court declined to decide the subject whether there is age below which children with life sentences without parole is unconstitutional. Background of the case The judgment of the court is mainly based on consolidation of two cases. In Jackson vs. Hobbs, Jackson was at the age of fourteen when he and other two youth went to a store in Arkansas planning to steal from it. In this case, Jackson got charged as an adult and given a life term with no parole. In Miller v. Alabama, Miller was a fourteen year of age. Jackson and another boy set fire to a trailer where they had purchased drugs. Miller was convicted of murder and given a mandatory life sentence with no parole. The decision was reversed by the Supreme Court. The review of the above cases was approved by the Supreme Court presenting the subject of constitutionality of a life sentence without parole for fourteen year olds who committed murder crimes. The two cases follow two previous cases before the Supreme Court. In the case of Roper v. Simmons, it was held that imposition of death penalty on defendants below the age of eighteen violated the eighth amendment. In the case of Graham v Florida, it was held sentencing defendants below the age of eighteen to life without parole violated the eighth amendment. It was held juveniles are less liable in light of changeability, vulnerability and immaturity. Facts of the case In each of the cases above, a fourteen year old was found guilty of murder and sentenced to a mandatory life imprisonment with no parole. In the case of Jackson, the petitioner had accompanied two other boys went to a video store to commit robbery. Jackson learned that one of the boys was having a shot gun. He was on the lookout, once he entered the store one of the boys shot the store clerk. Therefore, Jackson was charged by Arkansas as an adult with aggravated robbery and capital felony murder. He was convicted by the jury of both crimes. A statutory sentence of life imprisonment was issued by the court with no parole. Jackson argued life imprisonment without parole for a fourteen year old violated the eighth amendment. In Miller case, after an evening of drug use and drinking the petitioner and a friend beat Millers neighbor and set fire to his trailer. The neighbor died in the process. At first, Miller was charged as a juvenile. The case was removed and moved to an adult court where he was charged with murder in course of arson. Miller was found guilty by the jury and a statutory life sentence without parole was imposed. The court of criminal appeal of Alabama stated that Millers sentence was not harsh compared to his crime. The mandatory nature was allowed under the eighth amendment. TheDecision The Supreme Court held that the eighth amendment outlaw sentencing system that direct life imprisonment with no parole for juvenile murder offender. The eighth amendment prohibits unusual and cruel punishment and provides assurance of individual right not to be put under extreme sanctions. In Roper v. Simons, it was established that the right stems from perception of justice, therefore punishment should be proportionate to the offence and the offender. There were two precedents that reflected on fair punishment. There was one that adopted definite ban on sentencing system based on differences in severity of penalty and culpability of the offenders. That is why in Roper v. Simons, capital punishment for children was prohibited by the eighth amendment. In Graham v. Florida the eighth amendment also prohibited life sentence without parole for juvenile found guilty of non-homicide cases. This case further associated life sentence without parole for juvenile to death sentence. This suggested the second line of precedent that the court requires sentencing system to consider the details of the offence and characteristics of the defendant before sentencing him or her to death. The two line of precedents guide the court to conclude that life sentence without parole for juveniles in fringeon theeighthamendment. The court decision was influenced by Graham and Roper cases that established for sentencing reasons children are different from adults under the constitution. Children lack maturity and have no developed sense of responsibility. This leads them to be impulsive and reckless. In Roper it was held children are exposed to outside pressure and negative influences from friends. Therefore, they have less control of their environment because the child’s nature is not2 well informed. Graham and Roper emphasized distinguishing traits of children weakening justification for inflicting harsh sentences to juveniles even when they commit outrageous crimes. The court held in 5-4 majority that the eighth amendment forbids unusual and cruel punishment. Justice Kagan reversed Alabama and Arkansas Supreme court decisions. It was held under the constitutionally children are different from adults when it comes to sentencing. Justice Breyer had a concurring opinion arguing there is need for further determination if the offender intended to kill or killed the victim during the robbery. Justice Sotomayor supported the argument. However, Justice Roberts had a dissenting opinion. He argued that the court duty is to apply the law accordingly and not answer questions of social policy and morality. He argued the majority did not prove the punishment to be unusual. In his opinion, he did not find the punishment infringing on the eighth amendment. The dissent was joined by Justices Antonin Scalia, Samuel A, and Clarence Thomas. My Opinion of the Case I personally think the ruling by the Supreme Court on Miller v. Alabama is a welcome decision. I concur with Justice Kagan that mandatory life imprisonment for juvenile is like a sentence children to die in prison. Mandatory life sentence also infringes on the eighth amendment. It is true youths lack maturity and have no sense of responsibility. They are exposed to outside pressure and negative influences from friends and therefore their reasoning is not the same as adults. In wake of my support for Miller v. Alabama decision, I am sensitive to family victims who want retribution. However, I must reiterate that sentencing juveniles for life is not the way3 to go. There is need to think about this juveniles who have been given life without parole as our children. They need to be given an opportunity to come out and prove themselves as better people in society. Friend and families of victims would ask me why they deserve a second chance. It is true they may be mourning but no matter how painful the mourning can be, that cannot change the reality that children are different from adults in society. Children have a great potential for growth, understanding and change. Our sentencing system should not be characterized with vengeance. There may be a need recognize the potential for change. The opportunity should be given to juveniles to experience joy, life, and find meaning. The ban on mandatory life sentence without parole will ensure juveniles become educated, be creative and impact on the society positively.

French V.S. American Revolutio essays

French V.S. American Revolutio essays Before the revolution the politics, economics, and the religion beliefs were very different, the revolution had immediate causes and effects, the French and American revolutions were both very different. The society of France and America was very different before the revolutions; in fact the both countries are different. The politics of France revolved around a monarchy. They had kings and queens and a whole monarchy government. The people had no freedom, everything was chosen for them every thing down to their religion and what kind of life they will lead. The country was separated on how wealthy you are and how much royalty you have in your blood. The poor people not only had to worry about feeding their family or where they were going to sleep and live they also had to worry about paying taxes to the government and the wealthy people. If you were wealthy then I guess that you were doing ok, but in France the majority of the population was poor and could not afford even bread, they were always looking for work. Land was owned by the government and only wealthy people owned their own land the poor people couldnt afford it and the government would not let them have land anyways. Religion was strongly enforced on everyone, everyone who was anyone had to be the religion that the king or queen was. Mercantilism was very big in France at the time too. America was very different from France before the revolution. America was more free, well I would say so since they left England to find freedom and free land. They all were more equal to each other, the taxes were evenly spread through out the people, land was allowed to be purchased and owned by anyone that wanted to buy the land. They had no monarchy the ruler was chosen by the people. It was a representative government. The religion was ...

Free Essays on Position Paper

â€Å"Ethical Warfare† President George Bush once put forth, â€Å"Using military force makes sense as a policy where the stakes warrant, where and when force can be effective, where its application can be limited in scope and time, and where the potential benefits justify the potential costs and sacrifice.† (President George Bush, p.423) This criterion as Bush describes is nothing new. It has been traditionally known as international law. They are also part of what is known as just war theory. Some people have preferred the use of the phrase â€Å"justified war† instead of â€Å"just war† because they believe that in just war theory there is a presumption against the use of military force that must be overcome or should it? Just war theory can be traced all the way back to 400 A.D. by the writings of St. Augustine. He was concerned about how to reconcile traditional Christian views of the immorality of violence with the necessity of defending the Roman Empire from invading forces. He asked â€Å"what one should do if one sees an individual attacking an innocent, defenseless victim? His response was that â€Å"one should intervene and do whatever is necessary to protect the victim, even up to the point of killing the aggressor.† (St. Augustine, p. 424) We know of this theory today by The Hague and Geneva conventions. Remember, also that human beings have been fighting each other since prehistoric times. But is war really bad? The ethics of war starts by assuming that yes, war is bad, and it should be avoided whenever possible, but it recognizes that there can be situations when war may be lesser evil of several bad choices. War itself is bad but when justified it serves a purpose to protect the life of human individuals. Although war itself can be backed by a number of ethical theories, ethical egoism sort of stands back and says, yeah if I was in charge on the United States, of course I am going to act the way I ought to ... Free Essays on Position Paper Free Essays on Position Paper â€Å"Ethical Warfare† President George Bush once put forth, â€Å"Using military force makes sense as a policy where the stakes warrant, where and when force can be effective, where its application can be limited in scope and time, and where the potential benefits justify the potential costs and sacrifice.† (President George Bush, p.423) This criterion as Bush describes is nothing new. It has been traditionally known as international law. They are also part of what is known as just war theory. Some people have preferred the use of the phrase â€Å"justified war† instead of â€Å"just war† because they believe that in just war theory there is a presumption against the use of military force that must be overcome or should it? Just war theory can be traced all the way back to 400 A.D. by the writings of St. Augustine. He was concerned about how to reconcile traditional Christian views of the immorality of violence with the necessity of defending the Roman Empire from invading forces. He asked â€Å"what one should do if one sees an individual attacking an innocent, defenseless victim? His response was that â€Å"one should intervene and do whatever is necessary to protect the victim, even up to the point of killing the aggressor.† (St. Augustine, p. 424) We know of this theory today by The Hague and Geneva conventions. Remember, also that human beings have been fighting each other since prehistoric times. But is war really bad? The ethics of war starts by assuming that yes, war is bad, and it should be avoided whenever possible, but it recognizes that there can be situations when war may be lesser evil of several bad choices. War itself is bad but when justified it serves a purpose to protect the life of human individuals. Although war itself can be backed by a number of ethical theories, ethical egoism sort of stands back and says, yeah if I was in charge on the United States, of course I am going to act the way I ought to ... Free Essays on Position Paper In today’s society, there is a controversial debate on whether the outcome of the contact between the Europeans and the Native Americans was a positive or a negative outcome. Some people will argue that there were many benefits and others will argue that there has been a lot of pain and suffering since the contact. There is a hand full of evidence to support both sides of the situation. Most arguments are very strong, but like most situations, there are always two sides to a story. The history behind this topic is so controversial because there is not one person, still living today, that can speak from first hand experience. Today, many people are now questioning the elementary school perception of Christopher Columbus and his voyages. In the year of 1492, Christopher Columbus, along with a crew of Spaniards, sailed across the Atlantic Ocean, discovering many different lands. Some of the first areas he landed on were the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. The dominant people on these islands were the Taino Indians. The Tainos were very friendly and welcomed the Spanish with open arms. The Spanish traded material that wasn’t worth anything for gold and jewelry. The Spanish used the Tainos to gain their knowledge and then executed them. The effect of the contact between the Native Americans, such as the Taino Indians, and the Spanish was a negative outcome because today, the population of indigenous people is very low, their culture and traditions were stolen and used by others, and people, that are not rightful owners, are using their land. There are many positive arguments related to this topic. Although, the Spanish did kill a lot of Native Americans, the decline in population had a lot to do with tribal enemies. Evidence has also shown that a large quantity of Native Americans, during that time period, committed suicide. Another argument is that other nations were going to conquer these lands anyway. Today...

Most Abundant Element in the Universe, Earth, and Body

Most Abundant Element in the Universe, Earth, and Body The most abundant element in the universe is hydrogen, which makes up about 3/4 of all matter! Helium makes up most of the remaining 25%. Oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe. All of the other elements are relatively rare. The chemical composition of Earth is quite a bit different from that of the universe. The most abundant element in the Earths crust is oxygen, making up 46.6% of Earths mass. Silicon is the second most abundant element (27.7%), followed by aluminum (8.1%), iron (5.0%), calcium (3.6%), sodium (2.8%), potassium (2.6%). and magnesium (2.1%). These eight elements account for approximately 98.5% of the total mass of the Earths crust. Of course, the Earths crust is only the outer portion of the Earth. Future research will tell us about the composition of the mantle and core. The most abundant element in the human body is oxygen, making up about 65% of the weight of each person. Carbon is the second-most abundant element, making up 18% of the body. Although you have more hydrogen atoms than any other type of element, the mass of a hydrogen atom is so much less than that of the other elements that its abundance comes in third at 10% by mass. Source​Element Distribution in the Earths Crust

UK Legal Methods and Legal Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

UK Legal Methods and Legal Systems - Essay Example h sides is it due to the nature of human conduct is it due to the ambiguity of virtual and responsibility is it due to flexibility of interpretation Is every deed somehow intrinsically subject to morally polar interpretations or is it due to the content of ours laws is it due to the ways that deeds, interpretations and interactConsquently what the thought experiment proves is that at least our decisive part of reason why almost cases in our legal system do support well argued stories on both sides is that the content of our laws gives support to all these parties. The judge who has to choose between two well written briefs or two well argued precedents is forced to decide between two paradigms and to the extent operates one large step beyond normal legal reasoning toward revolutionary legal reasoning. But the judge is still working within a legal paradigm, still choosing premises from within the system, and in that sense is not fully revolutionary. Constitutional Aspect of Legal Method The U.K constitution is an unwritten one. Even though most of the constitutions exist in unwritten form, court judgements and treaties. The bedrock of British constitutional has traditionally been the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy or parliamentary sovereignity, accordingly to which statutes passed by parliament are the U.K s supreme and final source of law.(wikipedia.org) Statutory law is often considered the most important source of the British constitution. In practice some principles and elements of he constitutional, such as rule of law, are ancient and ingrained in the U.K s political culture that they would extremely difficult to abolish. Parliamentary sovereignty and of the rule of law have been widely considered the most important principles of the constitution since the nineteenth century and attempts to substantially circumvent them would likely be met with backlash by the electorate of the monarch. Because the United constitution adheres to he principle of parliamentary soverignity, no hierarchy in statutory Acts parliament. In Thoburn v.Sunderland City Council, Lord Justice Law from the High Court decided that he would try establishing a principle of law of law on this matter, which the United Kingdom courts ought to recognise Statues 1: The Basics Statutes are laws enacted in parliament and have a wide coverage nationwide. In the construction of statutes, words and phrases shall be construed according to the commonly approved usage or language and technical words and phrases, and such have acquired a peculiar and appropriate meaning in the law, shall be construed and understood accordingly. Statutes2:Search for Legislative Intention Search for legislative intention is

Philosophy of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Philosophy of Nursing - Essay Example From this essay it is clear that the patient is a recipient of care, including physical, spiritual, psychological, and socio-cultural components. The nurse–client relationship is a connection intended to improve the well- being of a customer, which may be an individual, a family, community, or a group. Peplau's hypothesis is of high importance to the medical attendant customer relationship, with one of its important perspectives being that both the medical caretaker and the customer turn out to be more educated and develop through the span of their relationship. He trusted that the relationship relied on upon the collaboration of the contemplations, emotions, and activities of every individual and that the patient will experience better well-being when all their particular needs are met in their relationship.According to the report findings the environment is all inner and outside conditions, circumstances, and impacts influencing the individual wellbeing.   Difficult circum stances led to ill health and diseases, for instance, cholera. The environment could be altered to improve conditions so that the natural laws would allow healing to occur. Florence Nightingale’s Legacy of caring Focuses on nursing and the patient environment relationship. She served as a medical caretaker amid the Crimean War, at that time she watches a relationship between the patients who kicked the bucket and their ecological conditions. As an aftereffect of her perceptions, the Environment Theory of nursing was conceived.  

The Exxon Valdez Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Exxon Valdez Company - Case Study Example As the paper highlights, the company also launched cleanup initiatives to ensure the water were clean. The in Exxon tanker oil spill, however, boosted disaster preparedness in many organizations today. The incidence occurred in 1989 characterized by oil spill from an Exxon tanker. The Exxon Corporation and Alyeska Pipeline services faced considerable disapproval in view of the manner in which they handled the incidence. The spill occurred on 24 March and spread over considerable square miles. The Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska were the most affected areas by the spill. The incidence created serious environmental concerns because of the effect it brought to the environment including the waters. It would also have profound effects on the oil production in the area of Alaska. The company undertook clean up initiatives and compensated different stakeholders affected by the oil spill. The major issues in the case included the imperfect and slow response to the oil spill. An i n-depth analysis of the response reveals instances of unpreparedness of the organizations to handle the situation. Instances of mismanagement and negligence were evident from the approach use as a response to the spill. The decision of the ship’s captain to attempt to free the tanker from the reef was a sign of underperformance. According to officials, the decision led to further spill of the oil. After getting the oil spill report, Alyeska crews did not respond in a manner that showed their preparedness for an oil spill. The company did not have sufficient containment equipment, which were vital for managing the situation. This was a case of mismanagement. Alyeska Pipeline services did not depict proper disaster preparedness strategies. The organization’s oil-spill containment equipment was in disarray and took a long time to assemble. There was improper preparation of ways in which to transport the equipment to the oil spill point.  

Anatomy and Physiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Anatomy and Physiology - Essay Example The woman was diagnosed with Gouty arthritis. The main symptom that was use to identify this disease was the swelling and the speed of onset as well as the target bones. But most importantly are the inflammation and the fact that only one toe was affected. When the woman was asked whether she has suffered from the symptoms earlier she said that she recalled a similar attack two years earlier that had disappeared as suddenly as it had come. While Gouty arthritis is faster and takes place within hours, it can be relieved by the body systems. . Another symptom is that the pain was only on the right toe which is typical for Gouty Arthritis. Gouty Arthritis affects the toes, Knees, ankles and elbows. As stated by (Loue, & Sajatovic, 2008), Gouty Arthritis symptoms often affect one side of the body limited to one side of the joint. This is different from other types of arthritis in which symptoms are symmetrical and for the case of this woman, would have affected both right and left toes. It is harmful for a growing 13 year old to include lifting heavy weights as part of his daily workout because of the severe consequences that it poses it his growth. As stated by Brown et al (2009), children are born with cartilages at the end of each and every long bone. The end of the bone is where new structures are formed thus allowing growth to take place. During growth and as individuals grow older, these cartilages grow narrower until such a time that physical maturity is attained and thus they are completely replaced by bones thus a person starts growing in height. Heavy weight lifting my teenagers is likely to damage these growth plates since they are much softer than the bones. The consequence of damaged plates is that the growth of these teenagers may be impaired or stop completely depending on the nature and the extent of plate injury (Brown et al, 2009). Apart from the risk of growth plate

Biography Of Francisco Goya Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biography Of Francisco Goya - Research Paper Example In 1763, Goya was awarded a prize in the Academy of San Fernado in Madrid. He did not win, but he met an artist by the name Francisco Bayeu. Bayeu influenced Goya’s formation, and participated in Fresco painting in the Church of Virgin Villa in Zaragoza (Connell 23). His career in painting, drawing, and engravings reflected much historically made upheavals and much influenced much the 19th to 20th century painters. The family moved to a place known as Saragossa, and here his father worked as a gilder. During his childhood stage, a person influenced him by the name Luzan who was just a local painter. In 1770, he went to Italy for his studies on art. He later returned to Saragossa in the year 1771 where he painted frescoes for the local Cathedral. The work, which he did at the Cathedral, was a decorative rococo tradition, which established much of Goya’s artistic reputation. In the year 1773, Francisco Goya married a woman by the name Josefa Bayeu, a sister of Saragossa a rtist by the name Francisco Bayeu. The couple had many children, but only one son by the name Xavier who managed to survive in to adult hood (Carr-Gomm 9). Francisco was a talented Spanish painter, printmaker and termed as one of the old masters in the painting industry. Francisco De Goya started his career at the age of about fourteen years of age, and his talent and ability quickly recognized. He tried his first luck by submitting some entries to a place referred as the Royal Academy of fine arts in the year 1773 and rejected in 1774. He then decided to leave his native country, left to Rome in the year 1771 and his talent recognized and managed to win a second place in the painting competition, and secured himself an employment opportunity in designing tapestries at the Royal Tapestries Factory. Here, he managed to complete 42 patterns, used in covering the walls of the newly built palaces around Madrid making him an immediate royal audience. In 1780 to 1782, he befriended the Pr ince of Spain where they spend two summers together with his family (Connell 27). He used this chance to show the prince his paintings and portraits hence expanding his own circle of royal patrons. An occasion was set to prove his own ability being give a salaried position to work as a court painter in 1786 and 1787 respectively; officially made the first court painter where he had a chance to paint for the noble family. He managed to be getting the chance to paint for the King’s family and the Spanish nobility at large. From the year, 1775 to 1792 Goya made several designs for the Royal Tapestry in Madrid. Francisco de Goya painted sixty-three cartoons for two palaces respectively. The illness affected his whole career as a painter hence withdrawn introspectively. He started painting some paints that were of low quality in his house at Quintal del Sordo. His earlier themes seen as merry festival changed abruptly to those of cartoons and depictions of war and corpses showing clearly that those moods mixed up (Carr-Gomm 11). His legacy inspired several operas, a piano suite, and a number of featured films. His masterpieces in the field of painting include â€Å"The Naked Maja† and the â€Å"Clothed Maja†. He also painted other charming portraits like â€Å"Senora Sabasa Garcia†. Francisco Goya portrayed the beginning of the 19th century realism. In the year, 1799 Goya published the â€Å"Caprichos† which was a combination of etchings satirizing human behavior and

Challenges in Capacity and Decision Making Case Study

Challenges in Capacity and Decision Making - Case Study Example As the report declares the Mr. Jones scenario presents one of the many complexities that are experienced in the healthcare practice. Numerous stakeholders are confined into a common ground where objectives are straight and result-oriented. Mr. Jones is facing health complications that the relevant parties must try and resolve in a bid to improve the patient’s health status and welfare. In the Mr. Jones scenario, a number of legal issues emerge. To start with, Mr. Jones is entitled to quality health care just like any other patient. The law provides for indiscriminate care of patients in whatever state. Patient rights are at stake in the scenario.This discussion stresses that choice and consent to care is another critical legal issue observed in the scenario. Although Mr. Jones is entitled to care by law, the caregivers and physicians cannot force him to any medical practice if he does not consent and choose to be treated. A complementing legal aspect herein is the role of guar dian or surrogate decision maker. If Mr. Jones is entitled to one, then the surrogate decision maker can make a choice on behalf of Mr. Jones. However, the legal process that provides this practice must be observed. Another legal issue pertains to the role of doctors and nurses attending to Mr. Jones. They must adhere to the code of ethics and conduct in caring for Mr. Jones. They should work to their level best to ensure that Mr. Jones receives the attention he needs, subject to ensuring that Mr. Jones capacity to make a decision is accounted for.  

Biography Of Francisco Goya Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biography Of Francisco Goya - Research Paper Example In 1763, Goya was awarded a prize in the Academy of San Fernado in Madrid. He did not win, but he met an artist by the name Francisco Bayeu. Bayeu influenced Goya’s formation, and participated in Fresco painting in the Church of Virgin Villa in Zaragoza (Connell 23). His career in painting, drawing, and engravings reflected much historically made upheavals and much influenced much the 19th to 20th century painters. The family moved to a place known as Saragossa, and here his father worked as a gilder. During his childhood stage, a person influenced him by the name Luzan who was just a local painter. In 1770, he went to Italy for his studies on art. He later returned to Saragossa in the year 1771 where he painted frescoes for the local Cathedral. The work, which he did at the Cathedral, was a decorative rococo tradition, which established much of Goya’s artistic reputation. In the year 1773, Francisco Goya married a woman by the name Josefa Bayeu, a sister of Saragossa a rtist by the name Francisco Bayeu. The couple had many children, but only one son by the name Xavier who managed to survive in to adult hood (Carr-Gomm 9). Francisco was a talented Spanish painter, printmaker and termed as one of the old masters in the painting industry. Francisco De Goya started his career at the age of about fourteen years of age, and his talent and ability quickly recognized. He tried his first luck by submitting some entries to a place referred as the Royal Academy of fine arts in the year 1773 and rejected in 1774. He then decided to leave his native country, left to Rome in the year 1771 and his talent recognized and managed to win a second place in the painting competition, and secured himself an employment opportunity in designing tapestries at the Royal Tapestries Factory. Here, he managed to complete 42 patterns, used in covering the walls of the newly built palaces around Madrid making him an immediate royal audience. In 1780 to 1782, he befriended the Pr ince of Spain where they spend two summers together with his family (Connell 27). He used this chance to show the prince his paintings and portraits hence expanding his own circle of royal patrons. An occasion was set to prove his own ability being give a salaried position to work as a court painter in 1786 and 1787 respectively; officially made the first court painter where he had a chance to paint for the noble family. He managed to be getting the chance to paint for the King’s family and the Spanish nobility at large. From the year, 1775 to 1792 Goya made several designs for the Royal Tapestry in Madrid. Francisco de Goya painted sixty-three cartoons for two palaces respectively. The illness affected his whole career as a painter hence withdrawn introspectively. He started painting some paints that were of low quality in his house at Quintal del Sordo. His earlier themes seen as merry festival changed abruptly to those of cartoons and depictions of war and corpses showing clearly that those moods mixed up (Carr-Gomm 11). His legacy inspired several operas, a piano suite, and a number of featured films. His masterpieces in the field of painting include â€Å"The Naked Maja† and the â€Å"Clothed Maja†. He also painted other charming portraits like â€Å"Senora Sabasa Garcia†. Francisco Goya portrayed the beginning of the 19th century realism. In the year, 1799 Goya published the â€Å"Caprichos† which was a combination of etchings satirizing human behavior and

Wk6 Forum INTL304 HUMINT Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wk6 Forum INTL304 HUMINT - Coursework Example Hungarian refugees were a good intelligence target since they were young and educated. The article notes that processing, resettlement procedures, and the federal government’s views on intelligence exploitation defined the methods of collecting information in this case (Coriden 2011, 1). Apparently, some refugees were willing to give intelligence to western powers in exchange of better treatment and to manifest their patriotism. In this context, the intelligence community depicted a high degree of dedication (Coriden 2011, 1). Nevertheless, the intelligence community encountered the challenge of exploiting the Hungarians despite establishing that most Hungarians crossed the border to seek refuge in the Free World (Coriden 2011, 1). The article notes that the ability of the intelligence community to collate and digest loads of information helped in filling major gaps in intelligence information (Coriden 2011, 1). From the article, I learn that intelligence agents or officers must understand the characteristics of human nature that include emotions, intentions and motivations of people. I also learnt that a young and educated population is a good intelligence target. Additionally, the intelligence community should work as a team since human intelligence can help in developing and maintaining foreign and national security. I learnt about the need for effective methods of collecting information. Dedication and professionalism are important aspects in human intelligence. Moreover, the intelligence community should aim gathering the information at a minimum cost and with utmost respect for the rules of human conduct. Coriden, Guy. 2011. Report On Hungarian Refugees. Central Intelligence Agency, Aug 03. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol2no1/html/v02i1a07p_0001.htm (accessed February 12,

Pip and Magwitch Essay Example for Free

Pip and Magwitch Essay Throughout the novel Great Expectations the reader will find that Magwitch plays a significant role to the plot of story. Not only does Dickens use Magwitch to form the main foundation of the story he also uses the character to convey Dickenss view on important themes such as crime, punishment, social status and betrayal. In this presentation I will explore the ways in which Magwitch is presented and talk about and his significance in the novel. We are first introduced to Magwitch in chapter one. The reader becomes familiar with the character Pip; we learn he is a child who is alone in the graveyard and is mourning over the death of his family. The reader knows that not only would this upset Pip, it could make him feel frightened because as a child you are dependant on your family members to keep you safe. He makes it sound as if Pip was recalling what it felt like to be a child, like when we get the impression that he could have been exaggerating about wilderness and so on before him. An image is described, such as the low leaden line beyond and this then is revealed as what it actually is; the river. This gives the effect that not only Pip is confused and lost by his surroundings but also and therefore scared and intimidated by them. Dickens delivers Pips emotions cleverly because there is no direct reference to how he is feeling at first. This is very good building up to the shock of first meeting Magwitch. The writer uses direct speech for his first words, which come out suddenly, at no particular starting point and with impression that they are loud! He says Hold your noise. which sounds at first so abrupt it could be almost like he is trying to save Pip, that he fears for Pip too. We then read on to see how Magwitch is presented physically. He is wet and muddy, and is described as being stung by nettles, so he obviously does not look after himself properly. He is shivering and limping, so he may be unwell as well as cold. His shoes are broken and he has no hat or proper clothes which shows he cannot afford them. He has a very informal way of speaking, and is eager to see the scrap of food he finds on Pip, so this also shows that he is poor and working class. This could be because, or the results of being a criminal. The first chapter is important; we now know exactly what Magwitch looks like and how he is presented. As mentioned in the introduction, Magwitch is significant in the plot. The fact that he appears in the very first chapter makes us assume he is a main character, even though he does not reappear until later in the book when the reader either has completely forgotten about him or thinks it is very unlikely that he will appear again with the current story line, especially as at the end of chapter three it says the last I ever heard of him. When he does make his unexpected reappearance in Chapter thirty-nine, he reveals news that causes him to become the centre of almost every aspect of the story line. By the end of Chapter fifty-four and when mysteries are revealed and loose ends tied we come to realise that Magwitch is somehow connected to every character. Pip, obviously because of the money he gives that cause him to become wealthy and middle-class. His lost past with Molly and Estella, his daughter, who was adopted by Miss Haversham. Also he is connected to Joe because it was his whittles and file he used to set him free. Perhaps he is connected to Mrs Joe because he murdered her. When Magwitch dies during chapter fifty-six, it impacts the plot and the characters, especially Pip. Magwitch influences other characters, especially Pip and sometimes they influence him too. Had it not been for Magwitch the way people behaved may have been very different! We do not know much about Pip before he meets Magwitch, but afterwards we find him to be cautious, for example how nervous he was when he meets Miss Haversham. This could have been a lasting effect from his fears upon first meeting Magwitch. Pip may have been so shocked by the way that the poor lived that he becomes even more determined to become a gentleman. It gave him an insight to the lives of the very poor. In chapter three Magwitch seems to wait all night just for the food Pip has brought him. Pip may have recognised his determination and perhaps used this will when he is seeking Estella as his wife later during the book. Magwitch may have been so grateful towards Pip that it made him feel like he should try and become a better person. Both Pip and Magwitch taught each other that you should not always be judgmental. For Pip, it was that he was at first very afraid of Magwitch and thought he was going to be scary. Later on he realises that he only was behaving in a threatening way because he was hungry and desperate for food.

Stopping By The Woods On A Snowy Evening - Symbolic Setting :: essays research papers

Robert Frost’s love of nature is expressed in the setting of his poem "Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening." His elaborate description of the woody setting brings vivid images to the reader’s mind. Frost explains the setting so descriptively that the reader feels he is in the woods alsoThe setting is a very important tool Frost uses in writing this poem. The setting is obviously in the woods, but these are not just any old woods. Something caught the speaker’s eyes in these woods making them a special place for the speaker. It seems as if the speaker has associated these woods with an aspect of his "personal paradise". The peacefulness, tranquillity, darkness, and silence are all important parts of this "paradise". These aspects help the speaker escape from reality. The snow symbolizes the purity and peacefulness the speaker feels while stopping in the woods. (4) The darkness can symbolize many different things. Some times darkness would be considered evil or dangerous, but I do not think this is the case in this poem. I believe the darkness symbolizes the undisturbed atmosphere of the woods. Darkness may also symbolize the mystery of the yet to be discovered secrets deep within the woods. (8) The silence makes the speaker feel secluded from all other aspects of reality. (11-12) Stopping by the woods provides the speaker with a temporary escape from reality. Frost does not ever tell what business the speaker is on, but you can assume it may be very stressful. This escape from reality is very important even in today’s world. This poem was written in 1923 and still has aspects of 20th century society. The speaker knows he can not stay in this "paradise".(14) The speaker does not want to leave this spot, but he has made other promises that he has to keep. (14) I believe Frost uses repetition of the last two lines of this poem (and miles to go before I sleep) to emphasize the importance of this promise he has made, and to support the speakers reasons for having to leave. (15-16)I am not a big fan of poetry, but this poem caught my eye because I am a fan of nature. Frost and I would have had a lot in common, his poetry reflects many of my own personal views of nature.

Stones from the River Essay -- Stones from the River Germany Essays

Stones from the River 1. Synopsis of â€Å"Stones from the River† Trudi Montag was growing up during the World Wars in Burgdorf, Germany. She lived with her father, Leo, and helped him run their pay library. When she was young her mother, Gertrude, went insane, and died at the asylum. Trudi could remember how her mother used to run away, and after her father carried her home, he would lock her up in the attic, to try to prevent her from escaping again. She always did escape, and Trudi usually found her outside, hiding under the stairs. Trudi would spend time with her mother in the attic, or under the stairs. In the attic, the two would play with the paper dolls Leo gave his wife, and Gertrude would teach Trudi how to escape from the attic. Under the stairs, Gertrude told Trudi of her affair with her husband’s friend, Emil, and how she fell off his motorcycle one day, and skinned her knee. Her knee healed, but the stones could be felt beneath her skin if she let someone try to feel for them. That very same day Leo got shot in the kn ee in the First World War, and had to come home, and would forever walk with a limp. Gertrude blamed herself for her husband’s injury, just as Trudi blamed herself for her mother’s death. Trudi was born a dwarf, a Zwerg, in German. Trudi felt that if she were a normal baby/child, then her mother would have never tried to run away. Trudi thought that it was her fault her mother went insane, and had to go to an asylum, where her mother died. Although Trudi’s father told her it was not her fault her mom died, she blamed herself anyway. Trudi and her dad became close, and would spend their time playing, reading, walking, or working in the library together. At the end of the book, Trudi felt a great lose when her dad died the day after his birthday. Ever since his friend Emil died, and Mrs. Abramowitz was taken away for being a Jew in WW II, Leo grew weak, and seemed to give up his will to live. Trudi hated the fact that she was a dwarf, and began to hang from doorframes in attempt to stretch her body. She would also tie her mother’s scarves around her head to keep it from growing at night and pray everyday to grow. She asked the town doctor how to make her grow, and even drank some â€Å"magic potion† from a man who said it would make her grow. Trudi had no friends in school, and every child made fun o... ...can prison camps, the Americans kept their prisoners close to starvation, with only two bowls of soup per day.† He said, â€Å"that the Americans said it was only fair because the Jews got even less food in the KZs.† In short, American prisoners almost starved because the Jews did, so it was fair. Do you agree with this? Why? 7. Trudi and many others risked their lives hiding Jews in their houses. If you were confronted with this situation, what would you do? 8. Frau Simon saved a little Jewish girl from being stoned by a group of boys. If you witnessed the same thing, knowing that protecting Jews was against the law, would you have done the same as Frau Simon? Why? 4. Open ended questions continued 9. What are your feelings toward the Nazis? If you were confronted whether or not to turn in your family members, as Helmut was, would you? Why? 10. After WW II had ended, many Germans said, â€Å"It’s not good to dwell on the things that were terrible.† â€Å"Nobody wants to relive those years. We have to go forward.† If you were told this, would you agree or disagree? Would you want to talk of the War, or never hear of it again? Why?

Hostile is outsourcing: The story of Manufact Essay

This case study is concerned with issues of Hostile IS Outsourcing. It describes the situation which developed in May 1996 as problems with communication and careful planning within the organisation, resulted in a key department being outsourced. This had many implications which had a negative â€Å"knock-on† effect throughout the company. I am going to highlight these and look at issues which may minimise the risks in taking such important decisions. The ManuFact Company is a mid-sized (SME) European company in the kitchen hardware industry. (The company consists of 3500 employees of which 39 of them work in the IS department) It has a total o of 3500 employees, mainly in production and distribution and an IT department with 39 people whose budget is $4 million and a largely mainframe based portfolio. A key person in this company is Smith who was the IS director for ManuFact until March 1997, who reorganized the IS capability from a marginally successful semi-independent subsidiary to an internal department. He received good feedback about his ability to keep IT costs down and maintain a satisfactory level. What we have to keep in mind at this point is that Smith was excellent at his job, trusted within the company and was recognized and valued in the organisation. The other key person in this case is Lawler who in May 1996 became Smith’s boss. Lawler had a background as chief council for ManuFact and was a member of the board. He was part of a three-person top management committee with responsibility for administration, personnel, and legal issues as well IS departments. However we have to note that Lawler had â€Å"little† IT experience. Therefore we can make a judgement that for key decisions within this IS department, the right thing for Lawler to do would be to consult a person with the right understanding and specialist knowledge for decision making purposes. Later on we will see that this was not as such and the whole structure of the IS department was affected, due to the lack of communication with the right people and high risk decision made. Within this case study we see that Lawler was interested in â€Å"downsizing† and â€Å"facilities management†. What do these terms mean? Downsizing is a reduction in the staffing requirements of businesses which can follow after privatisation for a variety of reasons such as competitive pressures or the need to increase the profitability of the business by cutting costs1. Facilities management is the Management and operation of a part of a client’s IT facilities under a contract extending over several years2. The definition of Outsourcing is an arrangement whereby a 3rd party provider assumes responsibility for performing Information Systems functions a pre-defined price and according to pre-determines performance criteria. It can also be defined as the purchase of a good or service that was previously provided internally. With IT outsourcing an outside vendor provides IT services traditionally provided internal MIS department3. In the case Lawler requests Smith to research companies about outsourcing, of which three main companies are contacted, one being ISCorp. After initial consultation with the company Smith advises Lawler that there is a potential to save $275,000 but realistically they would break-even due to transition costs. Hence Smith warns that this solution would not be feasible. So assume that this is an accurate judgement by Smith as he knows best about the department due to his experience working within the IS department. However Lawler is approached directly by ISCorp and is informed that there is potential to save $6million to which he feels obliged to accept the offer. He therefore falls into a â€Å"big trap† and believes the biased portrayal of the vendor, by not appreciating the views of Smith and the careful analysis he conducted. From the information we have we can assume that Lawler has not planned the contract correctly to his benefit. A reason for this could be that he had insufficient IS experience. Lawler could have considered selective outsourcing which is when company decided to outsource, despite possible disadvantages, it must always decide whether to pursue it fully or selectively. Full outsourcing means, that all its IS functions from desktop services to software development are outsourced4. A company would outsource everything if it did not view IS as a strategic advantage that needs to be developed internally. This may be the case with ManuFact, and Lawler may have made this decision on that basis, however we do not know that. Had Lawler known about selective outsourcing he may have considered that. Selective outsourcing is where a company chooses which IS capabilities to retain in house and which could be given to an outsider. Areas which could fall into this category could be Web site hosting, business process application development, help desk support, networking, communications and data centre operations5. Reasons to outsource selectively could also be that a particular area or a segment can’t be improved and would only be perform better if completed externally. It provides greater flexibility and better service due to the competitive market. Lawler should have looked at some outsourcing models such as the classic outsourcing model. This dictates that an enterprise should outsource only those functions that do not give it competitive advantage. This would result in all the ManuFact IS employees being made redundant and offered new jobs within ISCorp. The ManuFact IS staff felt de-motivated and not wanted as later on in the case they all leave except two. As a consequence expertise knowledge was lost from within the company. Now ISCorp were worst off as they had to find new staff to replace existing members which meant they were not only less experienced, but also were not familiar with the existing systems resulting in higher costs for both training and recruitment. No new development took place for nine months. ISCorp had the cheek to demand an extra $1.5 million to cover work not specified in the contract .This indicates that the contract was not as ManuFact sought after as careful analysis of the problem was not thoroughly thought out. Therefore there were â€Å"loopholes† in the contract which ISCorp took advantage. On ManuFact’s part, lawyers should have been present when agreement of this contract took place to ensure ManuFact got exactly what was required. Another problem with regards to the ambiguity of the contract was that the amount of systems development hours specified by ISCorp was only half of what the IS department was currently putting in; but each hour was billed considerably higher. Therefore the current IS department would have been less expensive than ISCorp’s had they calculated with the same number of hours. However Smith was not successful in outlining this point with Lawler. ISCorp benefited from this and ManuFact lost out. Nine months on the systems were running fine, but new systems development still had not started. This could have an effect in other areas of the company or it could be that it has had a â€Å"knock-on† effect through the company already. (E.g. Company X produces Pokemons in the assembly line. The packer is waiting for the producer, so he can load the stock in the warehouse. If the producers are delayed then this has a knock-on effect as the packer is delayed, therefore the delivery is behind schedule and the consumer won’t get his Pokemon) Complaints had already been received from line organisation about ISCorp’s lack of customer service and also there were criticisms about the aging technology. As the contract did not contain any provisions for upgrading technology, ManuFact were effectively locked with the same technology infrastructure for the next five years. Recently Smith had heard that some of the subsidiaries were trying to break out of the contract so they can move on to newer and better technology. This would be difficult but if it was possible, it would be very costly for ManuFact as assumptions are made that ISCorp are well guarded for such an occurrence. On the side of ManuFact, if in the contract there was a clause that that would enable them to â€Å"backsource† or â€Å"in-Source† as it sometimes called, ManuFact could bring it’s IS team back internally. However they themselves may not want to consider this option due to previous experienced staff having gone elsewhere. Due to their previous problem, ManuFact are afraid of losing their staff members again which would mean they lose 18 months of skill, time and know-how which is currently in the â€Å"hands† of ISCorp; whom ManuFact are reliant on. In this particular case I feel that the disadvantages outweighed the advantages and my reasons are given above. ManuFact fell in many pitfalls such as focusing their negotiation solely on price. As the contract was not clear cut, it looks like many key areas such as planning were not looked at before deciding. As the savings looked very attractive Lawler didn’t carefully evaluate and appreciate his own company’s and staffs capabilities, not to mention thorough evaluation of the outsourcer’s capabilities. By checking the credibility of the vendors claims, ManuFact may not have got itself into the position it has because it would have meant ISCorp justifying themselves on many points and it could have â€Å"clicked† to Lawler and probably made him think twice. The main pitfall was that Lawler did not make the decision to consult the right people The recommendations I would like to give to ManuFact are to look into the contract and find any areas which have not been fulfilled and seek compensation if possible. If they want to completely backsource try to lure ISCorp staff to stay and work them. They could offer them incentives such as better pay but at least it would retain the specialist staffs that have trained on its systems for nine months. If this is not possible try and re-negotiate the contract ensuring that there are contract managers and lawyers present so ManuFact get the best or at the minimum, exactly what they want from the contract. Given the complexities of this case I would make sure that whatever decisions are made the staff currently working on the systems, STAY. To conclude I would like to say that Before deciding to outsource the top level management of a company really need to weigh up its pro’s and con’s. It needs to foresee where the company is going and see what measures it should take to achieve them. They should consider the possibility of selective, full or not to outsource at all if need be. Full or selective outsourcing allows an organisation alternative top-performing IS services in-house. Cost savings or filling gaps in the organisation’s IT skills are powerful drivers for outsourcing. The numerous risks involved in outsourcing arrangements must also be carefully assessed by IS and general manager alike. The Company ought to enforce a buy-out clause, if a company decides to outsource make sure the right specialist people such as lawyers are present to make sure things go according to plan, and finally: If a company decides to outsource ALWAYS check the fine print. Bibliography Person, K.E, and Saunders, C.S.,2004, Managing and Using Information Systems: A Strategic Approach Oates, D 1999, Outsourcing and the Virtual Organization: The Incredible Shrinking Company Willcocks, L.P and Lacity, M.C., 1999 Strategic Sourcing of Information Systems: Perspectives and Practised. Yaseen Adam Strategic Management and Information Systems

Case Study on Hr Planning Essay

It is the country†s best recognised energy brand. Centrica is a multinational company, with businesses in many countries. Centrica was formed in 1997 and consists of eight separate energy-related businesses, ranging from the supply of gas and electricity to consumers and organisations in the UK and Europe, to storage of gas for other providers, and drain and pipe work maintenance. The UK energy market is highly dynamic. Customers look for the best deals and are increasingly prepared to switch suppliers. In 2007, 900,000 customers switched energy providers. An energy company needs to show it is not just competitive on price, but that it can also provide the right levels of customer service to attract and retain customers. British Gas does not only supply gas but also deals with the installation and maintenance of domestic central heating and appliances. It provides a maintenance and breakdown service for electrical white goods and home wiring. Through the Dyno brand, British Gas also offers drain clearing services, plumbing and home security services. To deliver these services, British Gas needs high calibre staff. It employs more than 9,000 trained gas engineers to install and maintain central heating and gas appliances. This case study explores how British Gas manages the recruitment and selection of new employees. Page 2:  The role of human resource management Managing a successful large business involves acquiring, developing and maintaining a wide range of resources. These resources include materials, buildings, land, equipment, technology and, crucially, people. Any organisation needs good employees who have the right skills to achieve the company†s aims and objectives. Human resource management (HRM) is the business function that focuses on the people aspects of an organisation. It ensures the efficient management of people in the business. It is responsible for ensuring that an organisation has the right people to deliver its overall business plan. Meeting customer needs Centrica, the parent corporation of British Gas, has to deliver long term profitability. Its shareholders expect the business to show a return on their investment by making profits, now and in the future. British Gas needs to contribute to these profits. This means consistently meeting the needs of its customers with competitively priced products and services that give good returns to the company. Residential consumers across the country are the core customer base of British Gas. These customers expect top-class service at keen prices. If British Gas does not meet this standard, the company may lose business to competitors. To ensure customer satisfaction, British Gas engineers must have the technical skills to undertake work to the required standard and the people skills to deliver good customer service. Through its engineer recruitment team, the British Gas Academy must therefore ensure that the company attracts and retains the best engineers. This involves several complementary tasks. It requires planning to assess the future needs for skilled employees at British Gas. It requires a recruitment and selection programme to bring new people into the business. It requires a training operation to equip new recruits and existing employees with the right skills. Retaining people Importantly, British Gas must also ensure that it retains its best people. It is much more cost effective to retain trained and highly skilled staff than recruit and train up new people. British Gas seeks to retain people by offering a mix of financial and non-financial benefits. As well as good pay and a pension scheme, the company provides employees with the opportunity to buy shares in Centrica and it offers a great place to work and high-class training. Page 3:  Training As an expanding business, British Gas needed to increase its workforce to meet customer demand. At the end of 2002, British Gas established the British Gas Academy. The Academy has helped to develop and refocus training facilities to handle the extra training requirement in recruiting an additional 5,000 employees into the engineering workforce. * British Gas runs an intensive apprenticeship programme. This is delivered in training centres. Trainees should expect to qualify by year five. All domestic gas engineers become fully acquainted with the latest computer-aided diagnostic technology. There are also traineeships, which provide a way for new recruits to learn about the gas industry and gain relevant skills and qualifications. British Gas provides technical training for all its engineers throughout their careers. This ensures that its employees are kept up-to-date with new information and technologies to enable them to provide the best service possible. Training does not simply focus on technical skills and knowledge. Most employees have direct contact with customers, so it is important that they have good people skills. Awareness training is provided for employees across British Gas through an online learning package. Another programme is improving staff†s cultural awareness, particularly to support the growing international operations at British Gas. Page 4:  Workforce planning Workforce planning is the process of assessing a company†s current and future labour needs. The British Gas Academies must consider not just overall employee numbers but also the skills that will be required within the business. Workforce planning also involves managing any training and recruitment process to ensure the organisation has the right staff in place. Managers at British Gas conduct a programme of forecasting to predict how much the UK market for domestic gas engineering services will grow. This helps the company decide how many additional engineers it will need in the future. British Gas makes detailed forecasts of its demand for engineering personnel for one year in advance and makes more general estimates for a further two years into the future. Factors affecting workforce planning At British Gas, workforce requirements are driven by two different demands. First, there are contract customers that have service agreements with the company. Second, there are customers who call for one-off assistance if they have a specific problem. Demand for both these services has grown. In the last three or four years, the need for engineers has expanded accordingly. This has meant that it has had to recruit more staff. There are several other factors that influence workforce planning for British Gas. Engineering skills need to be constantly updated. Health and safety issues are also critically important in the gas industry. Health and safety regulations are changing all the time and EU regulations must also be considered. Apart from regular formal training to close skills gaps to ensure engineers stay up to date with technical matters, British Gas can alert engineers about technical changes via field radio or text messaging. Engineers can work all their careers in the field until they retire. Qualified engineers may spend up to 10 years gaining their skills, qualifications and experience. They have valued practical skills that are needed to deal with equipment and customers. However, British Gas also needs suitable people for promotion to higher roles, such as management jobs. It needs managers to plan, organise and co-ordinate the teams of engineers. It therefore needs to attract and recruit a wide range of people into the organisation. Page 5:  Recruitment As part of its workforce planning, British Gas implements a diversity and inclusion strategy using tailored action plans. This means it actively seeks new recruits from a wide range of backgrounds. The need to recruit a diverse engineering workforce is seen as critical by British Gas. It plans recruitment to ensure it has a socially inclusive workforce. This is important as it will enable British Gas to reflect the diversity of its customer base. For example, it is useful to have employees from different nationalities and backgrounds to communicate with customers that do not speak English as a first language. Recruiting more women engineers may help to attract female customers. British Gas has won a national award from the Council for Registered Gas Installers (CORGI) for its efforts to encourage and attract women into the engineering workforce and into plumbing and associated trades. To dispel the myth that only men can be good engineers, British Gas runs a Georgina and the Dragon campaign for children. What British Gas’ recruitment programmes  have achieved  is demonstrated by various awards during 2009: * British Gas  won awards from the Local Employment Partnership in the East Midlands. The awards for â€Å"Unlocking Talent†Ã‚  and the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Outstanding LEP Achievement Award†Ã‚  recognise  the company’s recruitment work with the LEP and Jobcentre Plus in the region. * British Gas has been named in the 2009  Sunday Times’s 20 Best Big Companies to Work For. * The British Gas Academy won an award from Women into Science and Engineering (WISE). The award – Investor in WISE  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ rewarded the efforts British Gas makes  to promote science,  engineering and construction  to girls and young women. Advertising British Gas tries to appeal to a varied and diverse audience when promoting its apprenticeships. To advertise opportunities widely, British Gas uses specialist Sky channels like Parliamentary Projects TV, which focuses on careers, and Passion TV, which is aimed at the black community. In print media, it uses women’s magazines, publications targeted at ethnic minorities such as The Muslim Weekly as well as other careers directories for the same reason. Other channels include radio, newspapers,  British Gas website  (www. britishgasacademy. co. uk) and a DVD for schools. Recruiting gas engineers of the right level is important. Candidates for a British Gas apprenticeship must be at least 16 years old, and have a minimum of four GCSEs at grade C or above or equivalent (e. g. NVQs). However, they need more than academic qualifications, they must be able to show some aptitude for customer service, such as being able to listen to customers and understand their requirements. Application British Gas uses an online application form. To help British Gas decide an applicant’s suitability, this includes a value-based questionnaire. This requires responses to a series of statements about attitudes to work. There are 90 statements in all, and an applicant’s overall responses are rated green, amber or red. The colour reflects the attitudes the applicant has about work and people. This helps to show which roles a person is best suited to. British Gas does not take applicants with red ratings further as they may not show a ‘fit’ with the company requirements. However after an initial screening, green and amber applicants are invited to an interview and assessment centre for the final selection process. Here, candidates must show evidence of qualifications, ID and driving licence. Page 6:  Selection At the British Gas assessment centre the emphasis is very much upon ‘core competencies’ and ‘life skills’. Life skills are personal skills that are likely to affect the customer experience when someone is working in the field. British Gas engineers needs to show courtesy and politeness, for example. These are personal qualities that have a direct impact upon customer perception. Core competencies involve team working, interpersonal skills (such as dealing with people), motivation and responding to change. These are crucial skills that can affect the way an individual fits in and works within an organisation. Candidates attend the centre for a half-day assessment. This has three elements. The total scores from the three-part assessment help British Gas to decide who receives a job offer. Candidates are notified of the outcome within 14 days. All candidates can receive feedback. For those candidates offered a job, British Gas provides the usual job benefits including a van from the outset and a competitive starting salary. The new recruits then go on to benefit from the comprehensive programme of training through its Academy. This ensures that they are given the best start in their new careers. It also builds employee motivation and commitment to the company. Recruiting and selecting staff is an expensive process. By following a robust selection programme in this way, British Gas is able to ensure it gets the right people with the right skills. It also means it maximises the benefit from its investment. Page 7:  Conclusion Recruitment and selection at British Gas is driven by the need to maintain the competitive position of the company within the energy market. Domestic gas customers demand the very highest standards of service. They can be assured that British Gas engineers have high-level skills and expertise through its careful specification of entry qualifications followed by top quality training. British Gas also assesses the personal attributes of staff through role play and questionnaires as these influence customers’ perceptions of the service and the company. Great care is taken in determining the organisation’s future staffing needs. This drives the recruitment and selection process to ensure British Gas is seen as offering dynamic and exciting career paths for people of all backgrounds. By developing and nurturing its people, British Gas ensures that new recruits have the right qualities to help the business to compete.

Discuss the effectiveness of the opening chapter of ‘Great Expectations’ Essay

Charles Dickens was a very famous writer who was born 7th February 1812. One of most famous books is ‘Great Expectations’ which was serialised in 1860. ‘Great Expectations’ is about a young infant boy called Pip (Philip Pirrip) whose mother, father and five little brothers are all departed. His sister Mrs Joe Gargery and her husband Mr Joe Gargery, a blacksmith, then looked after Pip. The novel ‘Great Expectations’ begins very swiftly and promptly, as the start of the novel sees Pip visiting his deceased family. I think this is very effective in a story like this because straight away Dickens wants to show Pip’s isolation and fear, as he stands alone before his families’ gravestones at the start of the novel and how he explains that his sister ‘brought him up by hand’, this means that his sister would beat him if he did something wrong. This was not uncommon at the time when this novel was written because in the 19th Century, orphans and convicted criminals, like Pip and Magwich, were very badly treated and physically abused; the treatment that these unfortunate people suffered was inhumane. Dickens knew that this was not right so one of the main reasons why Dickens wrote this novel was to inform and notify the audience about the mistreating of orphans and convicts. He tried to change society by writing other novels as well based on the same principal such as Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickelby. In the story I think Dickens describes the environmental scenery very effectively as he describes Magwich in the same way. Also the bleak environment works well together with the isolation and fear of Pip while alone in the graveyard. There is a good comparison between the description of the environment and with the description of Magwich as they are both described as bleak, grim and frightening. The environment is described as † Bleak, desolate place overgrown with nettles, and the dark, flat wilderness beyond the churchyard† and the convict is describes as † A fearful man, all in coarse grey†. I think Dickens has purposely done this to make the opening chapter more effective to the audience and more alarming to Pip. However even thought Magwich is describes as frightening and horrendous, the way Dickens describes him and the language that he uses, make us feel quite sympathetic towards Magwich, † torn by briars, stung by nettles, soaked in water, smothered in mud etc†, this quotation from the novel makes us feel sorry for the unfortunate convict. Dickens’s storyline and words also makes us feel sorry for young Pip as in the past he has lost his Mother, Father and five younger Brothers and the fright of being ‘held hostage’ by Magwich. In addition to Magwich’s fright Dickens also produces some humour from the things Magwich says. For example when Magwich requests that Pip go and fetch him a file and some wittles, however if Pip does not fulfil Magwich’s requests then a young man will cut out his heart and liver, this make the novel more enjoyable for the audience. † You fail and your heart and liver shall be torn out†. Dickens’s effective use of language and words presents us with an understanding of Pip’s fear and isolation throughout the novel. As stated before Dickens uses high-quality description of his characters, this makes them stand out from the rest and become more vivid. I think this is because as Dickens was growing up his father was always in debt and in and out of prison, so Dickens was sent to work at the young age of 12 and Dickens stated ‘They were the most terrible times of my life’. From this I have come to the conclusion that Dickens created Pip from his own experience in life and because Dickens actually lived like Pip, it makes him sound more realistic and believable for the audience. Dickens lived like Pip and experienced the brutal treatment for himself. The novel ‘Great Expectations’ is actually being told by Pip himself, but not as a child, as an adult looking back at when he was younger. This is very effective and is successful language by Dickens, as it gives us an adult opinion and perspective of a child’s life. We know that the narrator is a mature one, because he talks about his childish conclusions of his family by looking at the inscriptions on their gravestones and how his ‘infantile tongue’ could only make out the name Pip from his full name. â€Å"From the inscriptions, I drew a childish conclusion that my mother was freckled and sickly†. In the 19th Century children were horrendously mistreated as they were sent to work in dirty, odious factories from the age of 10. At the time orphanages did not exist so orphans were hired by people for odd jobs, who paid them just enough to survive. Convicted criminals were also very neglected at this time. Dickens picked up on this and decided that society needed to change, so Dickens wrote this novel, not only to earn a living and entertain but also to inform and notify the audience about the mistreating of orphans and convicts. He also tried to change society by writing other novels based on the same principal such as Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickelby. Here we encounter a similarity between chapters one and eight, because in chapter eight Pip goes on regular visits to see Miss Havisham who is very rich and cultured. Nonetheless as Pip gets to know Miss Havisham he realises that she is not the person that he expected because when we get to know Miss Havisham we realise that she is quite sadistic and cruel, as she wants to avenge men for her past adversity. Miss Havisham is very rich and cultured so she should know better than to be sadistic and heartless towards Pip. This relates to the opening chapter because in it Pip encounters Magwich the old, ill-fated convict who seems fearsome at the time of the meeting. However as he gets to know Magwich, he realises that Magwich is quite kind and gentle. This is in contrasts with chapter eight because Miss Havisham seems nice but he realises she is cruel and in chapter one Magwich seems fearful but is really kind. Chapters one and eight relate to each other quite well because both Miss Havisham and Magwich are not what they seem to Pip and first glance, this is an example of the old saying ‘Don’t judge a book by its cover’. It is because of Dickens’s excellent choice of words and language that these two chapters relate so well together, and this is something that Dickens does throughout the novel. It is also because of Dickens’s choice of words why his main character is called Pip; because the word Pip means a seed from which things grow. This is true of the text because Pip does grow throughout the novel from a young orphan to a rich gentlemen, so the name Pip is a very interesting name for this novel. The social and historical setting in this novel is in similarity with the real life environment at the time as in the novel Magwich the convict has been very badly treated and is very adverse, this also happened in the environment at the time that this novel was wrote. Also the brutal abuse of Pip the orphan is similar to the exploitation of the orphans in the surrounding atmosphere. By reading this novel we can get a rough idea of the physical abuse that the orphans and convicts suffered at the time, I think this is very useful because it would have been a very good real-life novel. On a whole I think that chapter one of ‘Great Expectations’ is very effective by the choice of language and words used by the famous, experienced writer Charles Dickens. However if we look at chapter one in relation to chapter two I think that chapter one and chapter two go together to make a unit, Nevertheless chapter one is still very successful.

Language Development Methods for Secondary and Middle Schools Essay

Language Development Methods for Secondary and Middle Schools - Essay Example It presents a comparative study of about the effectiveness of the programs and services offered, key strategies implemented, significant organizational features, as well offers an insight into the challenges faced during the process. As a teacher / educator / student teacher, at the ____________ school, California; I had the opportunity to visit and observe the various programs and services offered by the school to an Elementary class and students of eight grade SDAIE class, which requires and implements both, special education as well as education in English as a second language. With most of the children identified as developmentally handicapped, and coming from non English speaking backgrounds, I was delighted to know that a majority of them responded well to the customary greetings â€Å"Good Morning, Teacher†. I observed that students of the Eight grade, displayed an impressive understanding of the language and had excellent expressive and receptive skills in the English language. Their oral and written abilities were more or less similar to those of their English speaking counterparts with the same form of disabilities. I remember a particular incident – of my interaction with one of the Span ish students called ------------------, who was a first generation American, who spoke fluent Spanish at home, lived in a predominantly Spanish speaking community of California, but interacted in manageable / fluent (choose as appropriate) English with his English babysitter / housemaid (choose as appropriate). ----xyz--------, age ----, another such student spoke fluent Spanish as his/her mother tongue, and learnt English at age 6, displayed adequate reading and writing skills in the secondary language. From these observations, I can safely conclude that the degree of proficiency and expertise in the second language i.e., English, was found to be similar to that of their primary language i.e., Spanish, especially when the secondary language was needed for day to

Gambling Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gambling Industry - Essay Example ingapore Government in order to introduce the casinos officially in the international market was in 2005 by providing licenses to two of the casinos in Singapore. There were many controversies and remarks that went against the policy but today after taking proper legal actions and control the government have recorded to generate large incomes in terms of tax revenues from the gamblers. Another reason why gambling is so important for the economy is that it attracts customers from all around the world. Therefore, it enhances the growth of tourism sector, which is another major contributor to the Singapore Economy. This paper in this regard is focused on the challenges of the international market and the competencies of the gambling industry in Singapore. Conclusively the paper shall also direct to evaluate the limitations and drawbacks that can prove to be affective for the growth of the industry and try to suggest the economy to eradicate those factors. On this behalf, the paper shall also consider the Porter’s Diamond Model to analyze the competitive edge of the gambling industry of Singapore. Geographically emphasizing, Singapore is a country originated by the amalgamation of 63 islands in total and is termed to be the smallest country situated in the south eastern hemisphere of Asia. According to the economists’ view, Singapore is a developing economy, mixed by its nature, with a minimum interference from the part of the Government in its trading market. Mentionable, the economy ranked to be second among the economies possessing the best potential for international investment with the outlook to be most welcoming and liberal for the international trading business. Undoubtedly, despite the fact that the economy is geographically small, it is economically powerful as any other developing economy to attract the international trade (Economy Watch, 2010). The economy, in a wider perspective rather than international investments, is depended on the agricultural